Climate of Jammu and Kashmir

Climate of Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir is a subtropical region but the three regions of jammu and Kashmir viz, Jammu , Kashmir and Ladakh have different climatic conditions from each other.

The Kashmiris recognise six  different seasons in the year , which are :

• Sonth (Spring) from 21st March to Middle of the May.
• Grisham (Summer) from May to Middle of the July.
• Wahrat (Rainy ) from July to Middle of the September.
• Harud (Autumn) from September to November.
• Wand (Winter ) from November to January.
• Sheshur (Very Cool) from January to March.

1. In Jammu Region :- 

• Climatic condition :- Different in different parts.
• Hot Summers :- Southern plains and adjacent shivaliks.
• High impact of Monsoon Rains :- Southern plains and adjacent Shivaliks.
• Normal Cool Winters :- Southern plains and adjacent Shivaliks.
• Climate Like Kashmir :- Mountainous tracts and Lee Ward slopes of Jammu division.
• Seasonal Winds :- impact on the climate of Jammu division.
• Winter Period :- Starts from 1st November upto 28-29th February.
• Coldest Month :- January.
• Mist and Fog :- January.
• Template Cyclones :- Winter Season.
• Westerly Winds (Originated from Mediterranean Sea) :- Cause Rainfall in Winter.
• Average Winter Rainfall :- ( 13 cm).
• Spring Period :- hasn't
• Summer Period :- Starts from 1st March upto 30th June.
• Max Temperature :- 38 °C
• Hot Month :- June
• "Loo" (hot dry winds) mostly blows in :- Summer Period.
• Dust Storms Sometimes blow in :- Summer Period.
• Average Rainfall in this period :- 11 cm.
• Rainy Period :- Starts from middle of June upto October ending.
• Arrival of Monsoon :- Rainy Period 
• Average Rainfall :- 65 cm

2. In Kashmir Region :- 

• Type of climate. Continental (The Himalayan Range, which covers the valley has modified its climate to a great extent. Thus, the valley possesses a sub-tropical to Artic type of climate having long winters and short summers.)
• Winter Period :- (From December Upto February).
• Coldest Season :- Winter Season
• Coldest Month :- January
• Chillai Kalan :- Coldest period of winter season starts from 21st December upto 31st January. Almost period of 40 days.
• Minus Temperature :- In Chillai Kalan.
• Min. Temperature :- ( - 15 °C)
• Heavy Snowfall :- Almost in Whole Winter Period.
• Average Snowfall :- 120 cm in Winter 
• Such Type of climate of Kashmir mainly impacted by :- Westerly Disturbances originated from Mediterranean Sea.
• Max Snowfall in :- whole Kashmir 
• Sunshine in Winter :- Very Low.
• Relative Humidity :- Almost 90%.
• Spring Period (March-May) :- Temperature starts rising gradually and snow starts melting.
• Day temperature rises :- 10 °C to 30 °C in this period.
• Sunny days :- Nice for charming.
• Summer Period (June upto September) :- 
• Max Temperature :- 37-38 °C
• Hot , Rainy and Humid :- period
• Hottest Month :- July
• Autumn Period ( September to November) :- 
• Dry and Dusty :- This period.
• Temperature :- Low
• Rainfall :- Less
• Average Temperature :- Between 20 °C to 30 °C.

3. In Ladakh Region :-

• Climate : Very Cold and dry.
• Winter Temperature :- Extremely Cold.
• Max.Temp. in Summer :- (25 °C).
• Min.Temp. in Winter :- Sometimes below (- 40 °C).
• Coldest Temp. ever recorded :- (-48 °C) at Drass in January 1986.
• Coldest Place :- Drass.
• Average Rainfall :- 20 cm/year
• Month of precipitation (most) :- January , March and August.
• Snowfall Time :- Winter.
• Atmosphere :- Rarified
• Impact of Atmosphere :- Sunburns and Breathlessness.

BEST STUDENT PERFORMER OF THE YEAR For Class 1st (2016-17)

SALAFIA MODEL SCHOOL PAMPORE   

 ENCOURGEMENT AWARDS CEREMONY FOR THE BEST STUDENTS PERFORMER OF THE YEAR  2016-17.

Dated: 02-12-2017

Muwahhid standing near the gate of his school

Muwahhid receiving his first position award

Some snaps of the ceremony

Muwahhid with his form teacher and classmates

Tehsils List of The Jammu and Kashmir

Complete list of Tehsils of The Jammu and Kashmir

I). KASHMIR DIVISION :- Includes 10 districts :-

1. Anantnag :- has six(6) Tehsils :

• Kukernag
• Shangus
• Anantnag
• Pahalgam
• Bijbehara
• Dooru

2. Baramulla :- has eight(8) Tehsils :

• Baramulla
• Uri
• Sopore
• Tangmarg
• Pattan
• Boniyar
• Kreeri
• Rafiabad

3. Bandipora :- has three(3) Tehsils :

• Bandipora
• Gurez
• Sonawari

4. Budgam :- has six(6) Tehsils :

• Budgam
• Beerwah
• Khag
• Chari Sharief
• Chadoora
• KhanSahib

5. Ganderbal :- has three(3) Tehsils :

• Ganderbal
• Lar
• Kangan

6. Kulgam :- has two(2) Tehsils :

• Kulgam
• D.H.Pora

7. Kupwara :- has three(3) Tehsils :

• Kupwara
• Handwara
• Karnah

8. Pulwama :- has four(4) Tehsils :

• Pulwama
• Tral
• Pampore
• Awantipora

9. Shopian :- has only one(1) Tehsil :

• Shopian

10. Srinagar :- has two(2) Tehsils :

• South Tehsil
• North Tehsil

II). JAMMU DIVISION : Includes ten(10) districts also.

1. Doda :- has four(4) Tehsils :

• Bhaderwah
• Thathri
• Doda
• Gandoh

2. Jammu :- has four(4) Tehsils :

• Jammu
• R.S.Pura
• Akhnoor
• Bishnah

3. Kathua :- has five(5) Tehsils :

• Kathua
• Hiranagar
• Billawar
• Basoli
• Bani

4. Kishtwar :- has four(4) Tehsils :

• Kishtwar
• Marwah
• Paddar (Atholi)
• Chatro

5. Poonch :- has four(4) Tehsils :

• Haveli
• Mandi
• Mendhar
• Surankote

6. Rajouri :- has seven(7) Tehsils :

• Budhal
• Kalakote
• Nowshera
• Rajouri
• Sunderbani
• Thanamandi
• Darhal

7. Ramban :- has two(2) Tehsils :

• Ramban
• Banihal

8. Reasi :- has two(2) Tehsils :

• Reasi
• Mahore

9. Samba :- has two(2) Tehsils :

• Samba
• Vijaypur

10. Udhampur :- has four(4) Tehsils :

• Chenani
• Ramnagar
• Majalta
• Udhampur

III). LADAKH REGION :- Includes two(2) districts :

1. Leh :- has six(6) Tehsils

• Nubra
• Khalsi
• Leh
• Kharu
• Durubk
• Nyoma

2. Kargil :- has three(3) districts :

• Kargil
• Zanskar
• Sankoo

...................*....................

• 
  

Geographical Facts of The Jammu and Kashmir

Geographical Facts of The Jammu and Kashmir

1. Location :- 32°.15' South latitude and  37°.05' North Latitude & 72°.35' west longitude and 83°.20' East longitude.
2. Extent (Length) :- 640 km from North to South and 480 km from East to West.
3. Area :- Total Area =222,236 sq.km 
4. Area Under POK :- 78,114 sq.km
5. Area Under China :- 37,555 sq.km + 5,180 sq. km (Aksai Chin)
6. Area remained in IOK :- 106,567 sq.km
7. LOC (Line Of Control) (Area) :- 1001 km long (Jammu= 205 km , Kashmir = 460 km and Ladakh/Siachen = 336 km)
8. Districts Under POK :- Dinner , Baltistan , Gilgit , Muzaffarabad , Kotil , Mirpur , Poonch and Bagh.
9. Geographical Position :- Northern most part of India.
10. Surrounding Areas :- East=Tibet ; Northern East = China ; North = Afghanistan ; West = Pakistan and South = India (States of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh)
11. Altitude = 1000 ft to 28500 ft (305 meters to 9610 metres)
12. Standard Time :- Indian Standard Time (5 hrs. 30 min. ahead of Greenwich Time).
13. Administrative Regions :- Three (3) ; I) Jammu , II) Kashmir and III) Ladakh
14. Physical Divisions :- Six (6) ; I) The Outer Plains , II) The Shivaliks , III) The Middle Himalayas , IV) The Valley of Kashmir , V) The Great Himalayas and VI) The Plateau of Ladakh.
15. Outer Plains :- Alluvial Plains of Ravi,Tawi and Chenab Rivers.
16. Shivaliks :- Small mountains of Jammu division .e g. Jammu City , Basoli , Ramkot , Sunderbani and Udhampur.
17. Kandi :- Undulating slopes between Ravi and Chenab Rivers.
18. Duns :- Longitudinal Valleys lying between Various Shivaliks hills. e.g. Basoli , Ramkot , Sunderbani and Udhampur.
19. The Middle Himalayas :- Located between River Tawi in the East and Poonch in the West upto Muzaffarabad. e.g. Jammu-Srinagar National Highway. Vaishno Devi Cave on Trikuta Hills.
20. The Karewas :- Wudars. e.g. Pampore
21. The side Valley :- e.g. Sindh Valley , Daksum Valley , Liddar Valley etc.
22. The Greater Himalayas :- Zanskar.e.g. Drass and Rangdom.
23. Karakoram Range :- A mountain range. e.g. K2 (2nd highest peak in the world).
24. Total Districts :- Twenty Two (22)
25. Districts of Jammu :- Ten (10)
26. Districts of Kashmir :- Ten (10)
27. Districts of Ladakh :- Two (2)
28. Jammu Division :- Includes Districts of Jammu (main) , Udhampur , Kathua , Doda , Rajouri , Poonch , Samba , Reasi , Ramban and Kishtwar.
29. Jammu :- " City of Temples" ; 
30. Kashmir Division :- Includes Districts of Srinagar , Anantnag , Baramulla , Budgam , Kupwara , Pulwama , Bandipura , Ganderbal , Kulgam and Shopian.
31. Ladakh Division "Land of Lamas" :- Includes Districts of Leh and Kargil.
32. 
    
33. ( To be continued...)

Jammu And Kashmir (Facts and Figures)

Jammu And Kashmir

"If there is a paradise on the Earth, It is here, It is here, It is here." Said the Mughal King or Emperor of India "Jahangir".

1. Current Status :- Three separate parts i) IOK (Indian Occupied Kashmir) , ii) POK (Pakistan Occupied Kashmir) and iii) COK (China Occupied Kashmir).
2. Total Area :- 222,236 sq.km.(IOK only)
3. No.of Districts :- 22
4. Capitals : 2 ; a) Srinagar for Summer (May-October) and b) Jammu for Winter (November-April).
5. No.of Villages (2007) :- 6,758
6. No.of Towns (2001) :- 75
7. Languages :- Urdu , Kashmiri , Dogri , Pahari , Ladakhi , Balti , Punjabi , Gujri and Dadri.
8. Nature of State Legislature :- Bicameral
9. Lok Sabha Constituencies :- 06
10. Rajya Sabha Constituencies :- 87
11. Total Members of Legislative Assembly :- 89 (Elected 87 , Nominated 2)
12. Legislative Council Members :- 36
13. State Animal :- Hangul
14. State Bird :- Black Necked Crane
15. State Tree :- China
16. State Flower :- Lotus
17. Climatic Division :- Six(6)
18. Popular Climatic period :- Chillai Kalan (21st December - 31st Jan)
19. Big Physical Division :- Three (3) ; I) Jammu , II) Kashmir and III) Ladakh
20. Most Beautiful Division :- Kashmir
21. Population (2011) :- 1,25,48,926
22. Percent to total population of India (2011) :- 1.04 %
23. No.of Males (2011) :- 66,65,561
24. No.of Females (2011) :- 58,83,365
25. Sex Ratio (Female : Male) (2011) :- 883 : 1000
26. Decadal growth of Population (2010-11) :- 23.71 %
27. Population Density (2011) :- 124 persons/sq.km.
28. Urban Population (2011) :- 27.21%
29. Literacy Rate (2011) :- 68.74%
30. Literacy Rate among males (2011) :- 78.26%
31. Literacy Rate among females (2011) :- 58.01%
     
32. Most Populous District :- Jammu (15,26,406)
33. Most Densily Populous District :- Ganderbal (1151/km)
34. Least Populous District :- Kargil (1,43,388)
35. Least Densily Populous District :- Leh (3 / sq.km)
36. Most Literate District :- Jammu (83.98%)
37. Least Literate District :- Ramban (56.90%)
38. District with highest sex Ratio :- Kulgam and Shopian (951:1000)
39. District with Lowest sex Ratio :- Leh (583 : 1000)
40. Rural Population of the state :- 91,34,820 (72.79%)
41. Urban Population of the state :- 34,14,106 (27.21%)
42. Sex Ratio among Rural Population :- 899 : 1000
43. Sex Ratio among Urban Population :- 840 : 1000
44. Literacy Rate among Rural Population :- 64.97
45. Literacy Rate among Urban Population :- 78.19 %
46. Total road length :- 40,103 km
47. No.of post offices :- 1690
48. Number of Universities :- 8
49. Net Area Irrigated :- 3,20,622 hectares
50. Recorded Total Forrest Area (2009) :- 20,230 sq.km.
51. Biggest Town :- Anantnag
52. Biggest City :- Srinagar
53. Biggest  Village :- Arnia (Population)
54. Biggest District :- Leh (Area)
55. Biggest Fresh water Lake :- Wular
56. Biggest Salt Water Lake :- Pangong
57. Biggest Mosque :- Jama Masjid Srinagar
58. Biggest Temple :- Raghunath Mandir Complex Jammu
59. Biggest Hydal Project :- Salal
60. Biggest Golf Course :- Gulmarg
61. Biggest Glacier :- Kolahoi
62. Biggest Cascade :- Aharabal
63. Longest Tunnel :- Jawahar Tunnel Banihal
64. Longest River :- Sindh
65. Longest Lake :- Pangong Leh
66.   
67. Highest Town :- Leh (11,500 ft)
68. Highest Airport :- Leh
69. Highest peak :- Nanga Parbat
70. Highest lake :- Pangong (Leh)
71. Highest Pass :- Khardungla (14000)
72. Highest Rainfall :- Ram Nagar
73. Coldest Place :- Drass
74. Deepest Lake :- Manasbal
75. Oldest Fort :- Bahu Fort
76. Oldest Hydel Project :- Mohra.

   

Different Branches of Science

Different Branches of Science

1. Aeronautics :- Science of flight of airplanes.
2. Astronomy :- Study of heavenly bodies
3. Agronomy :- Science dealing with crop plants.
4. Angiology :- Deals with the study of blood vascular system.
5. Anthology :- Study of flowers
6. Anthropology :- Study of apes and man.
7. Apiculture :- Honey industry (Bee Keeping)
8. Araneology :- Study of spiders.
9. Batracology :- Study of frogs.
10. Biochemistry :- Deals with the study of chemical reactions in relation to life activities.
11. Biotechnology :- Deals with the use of microorganisms in commercial processes for producing fine chemicals such as drugs, Vaccines, hormones etc. on a large scale.
12. Cardiology :- Study of heart
13. Craniology :- Study of Skulls.
14. Cryptography :- Study of secret writing.
15. Cryogenics :- Study concerning with the application and Uses of very low temperature.
16. Cytology :- Study of cells
17. Dermatology :- Study of skin.
18. Ecology :- The study of relationship between organisms and environment.
19. Entomology :- Study of Insects.
20. Etiology :- Study of cause of disease.
21. Eugenics :- Study of improvement of human race by applying laws of heredity.It is related with future generations.
22. Evolution :- Deals with the study of origin of new from old.
23. Floriculture :- Study of flower yielding plants.
24. Geology :- Study of condition and structure of the earth.
25. Genetics :- Study of heredity and variations.
26. Gerontology :- Study of growing old.
27. Gynecology :- Study of female reproductive organs.
28. Horticulture :- Study of garden cultivation.
29. Hematology :- Study of blood.
30. Hepatology :- Study of liver.
31. Iconography :- Teaching by pictures and models.
32. Immunology:- Science which deals with the study of resistance of organisms against infection.
33. Jurisprudence :- Science of law.
34. Kalology :- Study of human beauty.
35. Lexicography :- Compiling of Dictionary.
36. Mycology :- Study of fungi.
37. Myology :- Study of Muscles.
38. Nephrology :- Study of Kidneys
39. Neurology :- Study of nervous system.
40. Numismatic :- Study of coins and medals.
41. Obstetrics :- Branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy.
42. Oneirology :- Study of Dreams.
43. Ophthalmology :- Study of eyes.
44. Ornithology :- Study of Birds.
45. Osteology :- Study of Bones.
46. Palaeontology :- Study of fossils.
47. Philately :- Stamp Collecting.
48. Philology :- Study of Languages.
49. Phonetics :- Concerning the sounds of a spoken language.
50. Physiology :- Science dealing with functioning of organisms.
51. Pedology :- Study of soils.
52. Pathology :- Study of disease causing organisms.
53. Physiography :- Natural Phenomenon
54. Psychology :- Study of Algae.
55. Pomology :- Study of fruits.
56. Seismology :- Study of Earthquake.
57. Sericulture :- Silk industry (culture of Silk moth and pupa).
58. Telepathy :- Communication between two minds at a distance with the help of emotions thoughts and feelings.
59. Taxonomy :- Study of classification of organisms.
60. Virology :- Study of Virus.

Important facts to remember about Human Body

Important facts to remember about Human Body

1. Total Number of Bones :- Almost 206
2. Longest Bone :- Femur (Thigh Bone)
3. Smallest Bone :- Ear Ossicle,Stapes
4. Number of Cells in a body :- 75 trillion
5. Length of Alimentary Canal :- Almost 8 metres
6. Weight of Brain :- 1400 g
7. BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) :- 1600 K.Cal/day
8. Blood Volume :- 6.8 litres (in 70 kg body)
9. Normal B.P. :- 120/80 mm Hg
10. Number of R.B.C. :- i) in Females :- 4.0-4.5 million/cubic mm ; ii) in Males :- 4.5-5.0 million/cubic mm
11. Life span of R.B.C :- 120 days
12. Normal W.B.C. count :- 5000-10000/cubic mm
13. Life span of W.B.C :- 3-4 days
14. D.L.C.(Differential Leucocyte Count) :- i) Basophils :- 0.5-1.0 % ; ii) Eosinophils :- 1-3 % ; iii) Monocytes :- 3-8% ; iv) Neutrophils :- 40-70% ; v) Lymphocytes :- 2-2.5 %
15. Blood Platelets Count :- 200000-400000/cubic mm
16. Hemoglobin :- i) in Female : 11-14 gm/100 c.c. of blood ; ii) in Male : 14-15.6 gm/100 c.c. of blood
17. Hb content in body :- 500-700 gm
18. Universal blood donor :- O Rh -ve
19. Universal blood recipient :- AB
20. Blood clotting time :- 2-5 minutes
21. Average Body Weight :- 70 kg
22. Normal Body Temperature :- 98.4°F or 37 °C
23. Breathing Rate :- 16-20/minutes
24. Dental Formula :- i) Adult : 2123/2123 = 32 ; ii) Child : 2120/2120 = 22 milk teeth
25. Number of Cranial Nerves :- 12 pairs
26. Number of Spinal Nerves :- 31 pairs
27. Largest Endocrine Gland :- Thyroid
28. Gestation Period :- 9 months (253-266 days)
29. Normal heart beat :- 72-75/minute
30. Largest Gland :- Liver
31. Largest Muscle in the body :- Gluteus Maximums (Buttock Muscle)
32. Largest Smooth Muscle :- Uterus of Pregnant woman
33. Smallest Muscle in the Body :- Stapedius
34. Largest Artery :- Abdominal Aorta
35. Largest Vein :- Inferior Vanacava
36. Largest W.B.C. :- Monocyte
37. Smallest W.B.C. :- Lymphocyte
38. Greatest regeneration power :- In Liver
39. Longest Nerve :- Sciatic
40. Longest Cell :- Neuron (Nerve Cell)
41. Menstrual Cycle :- 28 days
42. Menopause age :- 45-50 years
43. Minimum regeneration power :- In Brain Cells
44. Minimum distance for proper vision :- 25 cm
45. Type of Placenta :- Haemochorial (Chorioallantoic)
46. Pulse Rate :- 72/minute
47. Volume of Semen :- 2-4 ml/ejaculation
48. Normal Sperm Count :- 200-350 million/ejaculation
49. ESR(Normal Erythrocyte Sedimentation) :- 4.10 min./hour rate
50. Thinnest Skin :- Conjunctiva
51. pH of Gastric Juice :- 1.4
52. pH of Urine :- 6.0
53. pH of Blood :- 7.35-7.45
54. (To be Continued...)

Atomic Numbers And Symbols of Some Elements

Atomic Numbers And Symbols of Some Elements

Element Name	Symbol	Atomic No.
Hydrogen	H	1
Helium	He	2
Lithium	Li	3
Beryllium	Be	4
Boron	B	5
Carbon	C	6
Nitrogen	N	7
Oxygen	O	8
Flourine	F	9
Neon	Ne	10
Sodium (Natrium)	Na	11
Magnesium	Mg	12
Aluminum	Al	13
Silicon	Si	14
Phosphorus	P	15
Sulphur	S	16
Chlorine	Cl	17
Argon	Ar	18
Potassium(Kalium)	K	19
Calcium	Ca	20
Titanium	Ti	22
Vanadium	V	23
Chromium	Cr	24
Manganese	Mn	25
Iron (Ferum)	Fe	26
Cobalt	Co	27
Nickel	Ni	28
Copper (Cuprum)	Cu	29
Zinc	Zn	30
Germanium	Ge	32
Bromine	Br	35
Krypton	Kr	36
Zirconium	Zr	40
Silver	Ag	47
Tin (Stannum)	Sn	50
Antimony (Stabnium)	Sb	51
Iodine	I	53
Barium	Ba	56
Gold (Aurum)	Au	79
Mercury (Hydragerm)	Hg	80
Lead (Plumbum)	Pb	82
Bismuth	Bi	83
Radium	Ra	88
Thorium	Th	90
Uranium	U	92
Plutonium	Pu	94
Curium	Cm	96

Countries, Capitals And Currencies

Countries, Capitals And Currencies

Country	Capital	Currency
Dominican Republic	Roseau	Dollar
Equador	Quito	Sucre
Egypt	Cairo	Pound
El Salvador	San Salvador	Colon
Equatorial Guinea	Malabo	Ekuele Franc
Ethiopia	Addis Ababa	Birr
Fiji	Suva	Dollar
Finland	Helsinki	Markka
France	Paris	France
Gabon	Liberville	France
Gambia	Banjul	Dalasi
Germany	Berlin	Deutsche Mark
Czech	Prague	Crown
Slovakia	Bratislava	Koruna
Ghana	Accra	Cedi
Greece	Athens	Drachma
Grenada	Sr George	Dollar
Guatemala	Guatemala City	Quetzal
Guinea	Conakry	Syli
Guinea-Bissau	Bissau	Eskudo Peso
Guyana	Georgetown	Dollar
Haiti	Port-au-Prince	Gourde
Honduras	Tegucigalpa	Lempira
Hong Kong	Victoria	Dollar
Hungary	Budapest	Forint
Iceland	Reykjavik	Krona
India	New Delhi	Rupee
Indonesia	Jakarta	Rupiah
Iran	Teheran	Rial
Iraq	Baghdad	Dinar
Ireland	Dublin	Pound
Israel	Jerusalem	Shekel
Italy	Rome	Lira
Ivory Coast	Abidjan	France
Jamaica	Kingston	Dollar
Japan	Tokyo	Yen
Jordan	Amman	Dinar
Kenya	Nairobi	Shilling
Korea	Pyongyang	Won
Korea South	Seoul	Won
Kuwait	Kuwait City	Dinar
Laos	Vientiane	Kip
Lebanon	Beirut	Pound
Lesotho	Maseru	Loti
Libya	Tripoli	Dinar
Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur	Ringgit
Malawi	Lilongwe	Kwacha
Maldives	Male	Rupee
Mauritius	Post Louis	Rupee
Mongolia	Ulan Baror	Tugric