Kashmiri Language Tutorial (کٲشِر زبان)

Kashmiri Language Tutorial

کٲشِر زبان چھِ بٔڑٕ میٖٹھ زبان

     Kashmiri language also known as "Kashir Zuban"or "کٲشِر زبَان" .It is one of the historical ,simple and soft language spoken by the people all over but parti _cularly in Jammu and Kashmir region.It is a Dardic subgroup of indo Aryan languages.It is an ancient language which has long history behind it.There are various languages spoken by the people of the jammu and Kashmir such as Urdu, dogri,pahari, gujri, ladhaki, Hindi, English etc but kashmiri is the primary language spoken by the people in majority within the state.Almost every school in the valley whether they belong to govt sector or private sector  this language subject became compulsory subject to teach within them from class 1st to class 10.This language has a unique beauty in it's basic Haroof system or Ashaar system or Achaar System and it's sound system also.It has nice and long sign and sound system of 19 different sounds for pronounciation. Almost 7 million people speak the Kashmiri language currently in the IOK +hundred thousand speakers also in the POK.Nearly 8th century AD this language was first time appeared as a new language in Sharda Alphabet and in the 15th century AD Arabic script was adapted in this language.There are two script types of the kashmiri Language Arabic script and Devanagari script.

     Here is the basic alphabetical or Haroof system or حروف تہجی  of this language.In it's Haroof system there are 41 basic haroofs within the Haroof system.This language is written from right side to left like as Urdu ,Farsi and Arabic.This language has also mixture of various words from Urdu, Arabic, Farsi,Sanskrit.Lot of words are similar in pronounciation among these languages also.

Note:

1) (ژ) and (ژھ) are two Ashaars or Letters of Kashmiri Ashaar System which aren't used in any other language.exception (ژ) is used in Urdu and Farsi but for the sound of (ج) only. e.g.Television (ٹیلی ویژن),Majgaan (مژگان) etc.

     And (ژہ) is only used in kashmiri alphabetical system.

e.g. ژھل  ، ژھاے  ، ژھانٛڈ 

2) (ی) is not used as a letter but as a sound of (کشہِ زیر)

3) Kashmiri language script are of two forms:

I)  Arabic script &  II)  Devanagari script

4) Hindus Kashmiri used Devanagari script of Kashmiri language and kashmiri Muslims used Arabic script of Kashmiri language.

5)  بھ ، جھ ، دھ ، ڈھ ، ڑھ ، گھ  All these are Urdu compound letters but they aren't be used in kashmiri ashaar system.

e.g.  Urdu = گھر   but in Kashmiri = گَر (Home)

     Urdu = دودھ but in Kashmiri = دۄد (Milk)

6) (ر) is frequently used as Connector between it's left and right side letters in a word. e.g.  درٛاو ، شرٛاکھ ، ترٛٲم

7)  (ڑ) is used in kashmiri script but as a letter of Urdu. In Kashmiri for sound like (D/d) , letter (ڈ) is used instead of (ڑ).

۴۱کٲشِر اَچھَرچِھٕ آسان کل

یمن چھِ ونان اَمِہ علاوٕ موٗلہٕ اَچھَر تِہ

(اَصدأے اَچھَر)

Asda-e-Achaar are those letters or Achaar which haven't any type of sound of their own.

کٲشِر اَچھَر

کٲشِر زبانِ چھِ الہٕ پلہٕ۱۹ آوازٕ

تِمن ورتاونٕ باپت چھِ۱۹ آوازٕ نشانہٕ تہِ آسان

     Kashmiri script has almost 19 sounds and for them there are 19 signs also.We can use them to learn some pattern of this language.It is a unique system of this language.It has more sounds and signs than the languages of Arabic,Farsi and Urdu.Actually the basic system of Kashmiri language totally depends upon the following sounds.It is mixture of 3 or 4 such languages.Some sounds came from Farsi, some came from Arabic,some came from Sanskrit and some came from Urdu also.

یِمن آوازن ورتاونٕ باپت چھِ کہنٛسہ محنت پؠوان کَرٕن

أرۍ اچَھر  : جن اچھروں کی اپنی آواز ہوتی ہیں
ــَـ زبر  ، ــِـ زیر  ، ــُـ پیش

کٲشِر آوازٕ تہٕ آوازن ہنٛد نشانہٕ

Pronounciation of Kashmiri Ashaars

 (کٲشِر اَچَھر) یا (موٗلہٕ اَچھَر)

ا
ألِف

ب   پ    پھ    ت    تھ    ٹ    ٹھ   ث 
بےٛ   پےٛ   پھےٛ   تےٛ  تھےٛ   ٹےٛ   ٹھےٛ   ثےٛ

ج      چ       چھ       ح       خ
جیٖم  چیٖم     چھےٛ     حےٛ    خےٛ

د        ڈ        ذ
دال    ڈال    ذال

ر      ڑ       ز       ژ      ژھ
رےٛ   ڑےٛ   زےٛ    ژےٛ    ژھےٛ

س      ش       ص      ض
سیٖن   شیٖن   صۄآد   ضۄآد

ط       ظ        ع        غ
طۄےٛ   ظۄےٛ    عٲن     غٲن

ف     ق     ک      کھ       گ
فےٛ   قاف   کیٖف   کھےٛ   گاف

ل       م        ن        و
لام    میٖم     نوٗن     واو

ہ           ے
ہےٛ          یےٛ

..........................

(کُل =  41 (۴۱ اَچَھر

..........................

کٲشِر گرینٛد

 ۱    ۲    ۳     ۴    ۵    ۶    ۷    ۸    ۹    ۰

 1   2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9   0
  akh   zoh   trih    chor   panch   sheh   sath    aith    nav   dah
دہ      نَو       ٲٹھ      سَتھ       شےٚ       پانٛژھ       ژوٗر       ترٛے       زٕ       اَکھ


(Next Pages)

     4 Sounds of Kashir Awaaz Fatha                        زَبرٕہنٛد ژوٗر آواز 

     4 Sounds of Kashir Awaaz Kasra                       زیرٕہنٛد ژوٗر آوازٕ 

     6 Sounds of Kashir Awaaz Dhumma                 پیشچ شےٚ آوازٕ

     5 Sounds of Kashir Awaaz Yayuk                    یایچ پانٛژھ آوازٕ 

     2 Signs of Kashir Awaaz                                    زٕگٲنڈ دنوٲلہٕ نشانہٕ