" Blood " A Red Fluid (Briefly Described)

Blood or خون or रथ

• Blood is a red fluid running in our body to keep us live.
• It is a connective tissue.
• Quantity in a man = 6.8 litres
• Quantity in a Woman = 6-6.3 litres
• Constitutes = 6-8% of body weight
• pH = 7.4

1. Functions of Blood :

• To supply oxygen to the various organs of the body.
• To remove waste products of the body.
• To supply food to the various organs of the body
• To manufacture digestive juice.
• It is divided into two categories : I) Blood Plasma and II) Blood Cells

2. Blood Cells :

• They are originated in Red Bone Marrow.
• They are of three types : i) RBC (Red Blood Corpuscle) , ii) WBC ( White Blood Corpuscle) and iii) Platelets.

3. RBC :

• Also Called : Erythrocyte
• Disc- Shaped
• No Nucleus
• Contains a pigment called Haemoglobin.
• Haemoglobin makes a blood cell red coloured.
• It also transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.
• It's life = 120 days
• Number of RBCs in a Normal body = 4.5-5 million/ cubic mm of blood.

4. WBC :

• Also called = Leucocyte
• Rounded
• has a Nucleus.
• Acts as the soldier of body's defence system.
• Number of WBCs in a Normal body = 8000/ cubic mm of blood.

5. Platelets :

• Also called Thrombocytes.
• They are about 2,50,000/cubic mm of blood.
• They help the blood to clot.

6. Blood Groupings :

• Karl Landsteiner = Father of Blood Grouping.
• He discovered A, B and O blood groups.
• Another blood group AB discovered by Decastello and Sturle.

Blood Grp: Can donate to : Can get from

     A                      A , AB                A , O

     B                      B , AB                 B , O

    AB                       AB              A, B, AB , O

     O                A, B, AB, O                 O

7. RH Factor :

• It is a blood antigen found in RBC.
• It has two types : Rh+ and Rh-
• Rh+ or Rh- depends upon the presence of Rh factor in RBC.
• Rh+ person can receive blood from both Rh+ and Rh- persons.
• Rh- person can only receive blood from Rh- persons.
• Percentage of Rh+ persons in the world = 86 %
• Percentage of Rh- persons in the world = 14 %
• James Blundell founds the development bof Blood Transfusion Technique.

8. Blood Pressure :With every contraction and relaxation of the heart, there is a certain degree of pressure on the walls of the blood vessels.This is called Blood Pressure.

9. Sphermagnometer :-It is an instrument used to record Blood Pressure.

10. Some Causes of  High Blood Pressure : Kidney disease , internal poisoning and prolonged emotional stress.