Kashmir History
Since 1320 AD
- Rinchin (a Tibetan) embraced Islam and became first Muslim rulers of Kashmir in 1320 AD.He Called himself Sultan Sadru-ud-din.
- Rinchin (Sultan Sadru-ud-din) ruled only for three years and died in 1323 AD.
- Jama Masjid Srinagar built by Sultan Sadru-ud-din during his reign.
- Bulbul Shah (a Sufi Saint) was Sultan Sadru-ud-din's mentor.
- Kota Rani (a woman ruler of Kashmir) ruled Kashmir for almost Fifteen years from 1323 to 1338 AD. She was daughter of Ramachandra , then wife of Sultan Sadru-ud-din, later wife of Udyandev and last as Queen of Kashmir. In 1338-39 AD , after losing a battle with Shah Mir,she committed suicide and ended her life. She was last Hindu ruler of Kashmir.After that SHAHMIRI dynasty became in origin.
- SHAHMIRI DYNASTY ( 1339 AD. to 1561 AD.) Total 18 kings:
- First proper Muslim Ruler of Kashmir :- became Shah Mir in year 1339 AD. He was then Called by the name of Sultan Shams-ud-din. He was actual founder of Muslim Rule in Kashmir.
- Shams-ud-din Sultanate period :- 1339-1342 AD.
- Jamshed Sultanate period :- 1342-1343 AD.
- Alal-du-din :- 1343-1354 AD.
- Shihab-ud-din :- 1354-1373 AD.
- Qutbud din :- 1373-1389 AD.
- Sikander :- 1389-1413 AD.
- In 1393 AD. Son of Hazrat Mir Mohammad Hamadani (RA) visited Kashmir along with 300 other syeeds.
- Malik Saif-ud-din (his first name was Suhabhatt) became a Muslim in the guidance of Mir Muhammad Hamadani (RA).
- Sultan Sikander has been called Butshikan (Idol breaker).
- Khankahi Mualla was built during the reign of Sultan Sikander by Mir Muhammad Hamadani (RA).
- Sultan Sikander died in 1413 AD. and was succeeded by his son Mir Khan(Urf Ali Shah).
- Ali Shah reigned period :- 1413-1420 AD.
- Shahi Khan ( brother of Ali Shah) ascended throne in 1420 AD.He had the title Sultan Zain-ul-Aabidin.He was also called Baba-Shah or Budshah .He reigned for almost Fifty years.He was so popular in his time.He built a popular artificial island in Wular Lake (Kashmir's biggest lake) by the name of Zaina Lank and Sona Lank and Rupa Lank in the Dal Lake.At River Jhelum in Srinagar he built a larger wooden bridge by the name of the Zaina Kadal.He was great linguistic who knew languages of Persian ,Kashmiri , Sanskrit and Tibetan.During his reigning period 2nd part of the famous historical book of kashmir was wrote by Jonaraja and completed upto 1458 AD.The Sultan Zain-ul-Aabidin died in 1470.
Zaina Kadal Bridge in Srinagar in current time
Zaina Lank Island in the lake of Wular 
Zaina Lank small island in the Wular Lake of Kashmir - Haji Khan (son of Zain-ul-Aabidin) acceded the throne by the title of Haider Shah in 1470 AD.
- Haider Shah Sultanate period:- 1470-1472 AD.
- Hassain Shah Sultanate period :- 1472-1484 AD.
- Mohammad Shah :- 1484-1486 AD.
- Fateh Shah :- 1486-1493 AD.
- Mohammad Shah :- 1493-1505 AD.
- Fateh Shah :- 1505-1514 AD.
- Mohammad Shah :- 1514-1515 AD.
- Fateh Shah :- 1515-1517 AD.
- Mohammad Shah :- 1517-1528 AD.
- Ibrahim Shah :- 1528-1529 AD.
- Nazuk Shah :- 1529-1530 AD.
- Mohammad Shah :- 1530-1537 AD.
- Shamas-ud-din :- 1537-1538 AD.
- Ismail Shah :- 1538-1540 AD.
- Nazuk Shah :- 1540-1551 AD.
- Ibrahim Shah :- 1552-1555 AD.
- Ismail Shah :- 1555-1557 AD.
- Habib Shah :- 1557-1561 AD.He was last ruler of Shah Mir Dynasty.
- In 1561 AD. Mughal King Akbar attempted to invade Kashmir via commander-in-chief Qara Bahadur.Gazi Chak ( Chief Minister of Habib Shah) defeated Mughal army at Rajouri.
- In 1561 AD. Gazi Chak deposed Sultan Habib on the ground of incompetence and himself ascend the throne of Kashmir with the title of Nasir-ud-din Muhammad Gazi Shah.
- CHAK DYNASTY (1561 AD. to 1586 AD.) Total 5 kings:
- In 1561 AD. Chak Dynasty originated in Kashmir.Chaks were originally Dards means residents of Gilgit Huza area.They were Shia's.They successfully resisted the attempts of Babur And Humayun to annex Kashmir before Akbar's attempts.
- Gazi Shah Chak Sultanate period :- 1561-1563 AD.
- Hassan Shah Chak (Brother of Gazi Chak) Sultanate period :- 1563-1570 AD.
- In 1568 AD. There was great Shia Sunni conflict in Kashmir. Hassan Shah Chak was dethroned by Ali Shah Chak in 1570 AD.
- Ali Shah Chak became new Sultan of Kashmir from period of 1570 to 1578 AD.
- In 1578 AD. after the death of Ali Shah his Son Yousuf Shah Chak ascended the throne.Yousuf Shah Chak married to beautiful and charming poetess of Kashmir Zoon of Chandhara Pampore (Urf Habba Khatun) and made Gulmarg and Sonmarg into a holiday resorts.He tried best toward off the expanding influence of the Mughal but he finally succumbed to the superior forces and strategy of Akbar's generals. He died in a prison in Bihar.
- In 1586 AD. Yaqub Shah Chak (Son of Yusuf Shah Chak) tried to hold on to the throne for some time, but his forces were defeated by the Mughal Army under Qasim Khan at Haripura and this paved the way of Mughal rule in Kashmir. Mughal King Akbar entered into the Kashmir.
- MUGHALS ( 1586 AD to 1753 AD) :
- Akbar's first visit of Kashmir was in 1579 AD.
- Akbar came to Kashmir only three times. He built here a Hari Parbat Fort. He kept himself at Agra Sultanate but ruled sultanate of Kashmir through his selected governors.
- In 1601 AD. Mirza Ali Akbar was the Governor of Kashmir.
- In 1605 AD. Akbar passed away in Agra.
- In 1606 AD. Jahangir (Son of Akbar) became Emperor of India.
- From 1606 AD. to 1627 AD. Jahangir along with Queen Noor Jahan came to Kashmir many times and spent summers here.
- Jahangir laid out Shalimar Bagh (garden).
- Asif Khan ( Brother of Noor Jahan) laid out Nishat Bagh (garden)
- Achhabal and Verinag springs were renovated.
- In 1627 AD. Jahangir died and he was buried at Shahdra.
- In 1627 AD. Shahjahan ( Son of Jahangir) became Emperor of India. He paid several visits to the Kashmir during he reigned. He constructed Chashma Shahi and Pari Mahal gardens in Kashmir.
- In 1651 AD. Shah Jahan visited Kashmir last time. After Shahjahan Aurangzeb became the emperor of India. He sent about 14 governors one after another in the Kashmir , who built many mosques and gardens.Several bridges we're also made.
- Safa Kadal (bridge ) built by Saif Khan ( governer of Aurangzeb)
- In 1748 AD. An Afghan ruler Ahmad Shah Abdali attacked India. He also sent his forces under Azmatullah Khan to conquer Kashmir but they did not succeed.
- In 1750-51 AD. Ahmad Shah Abdali invaded India and occupied Punjab.
- In 1753 AD. Ahmad Shah Abdali again invaded india and plundered Delhi.
- In 1753 AD. Ahmad Shah Abdali sent a strong army under commander-in-chief Abdullah Khan Ishaq Aqasi to conquer Kashmir. A battle was fought at Shopian in which Mughal forces were defeated and Afghans entered Srinagar. The event marked the end of Mughal rule in Kashmir.
- AFGHANS (1753 AD. to 1819 AD.)
- Abdullah Khan Ishaq was the first Afghan Governor of Kashmir. He was killed by Sukh Jiwan Ram.Sukh Jiwan Ram became the ruler of the Kashmir.
- In 1762 AD. Ahmad Shah Abdali reconquered Kashmir and Nur-ud-din was made Governor.
- In 1772 AD. Ahmad Shah Abdali died.
- Amira Kadal (bridge) was built by Afghan Governor Amir Khan Jawan sher. After Amir Khan then came afghan governors of Haji Karim Dad , Azad Khan ( Asad Khan) , Juma Khan , Mohammad Khan , Atta Mohammad Khan , Fateh Mohammad Khan ...
Amira Kadal (Bridge) built by Amir Khan Jawan Sher
Amira Kadal (Bridge) built by Afghan Governor Amir Khan - In 1819 AD. Jabbar Khan was the last Afghan governor of Kashmir when Ranjit Singh occupied Kashmir.
- In 1808 AD. Maharaja Ranjit Singh compelled Jit Dev (the last king of Jammu State) to accept his sovereignty and in 1816 annexed Jammu to the Lahore Darbar.
- Prince Kharak Singh (Son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh) became the jagir of Jammu after annexation.
- From 1320 AD. upto 1819 AD. Kashmir remained a part of Muslim kingdom for almost 499 years.
- SIKHS (1819 AD. to 1846 AD.)
- In 1819 AD. Maharaja Ranjit Singh conquered Kashmir and annexed it to his dominations.
- In 1819 AD. Kashmir became a part of Lahore Darbar.
- In 1834 AD. Sikh commander Wazir Zorawar Singh Kahluria conquered Ladakh , Zanskar and Baltistan also.
- From 1819 AD. to 1846 AD. Kashmir remained a part of Sikh Kingdom for almost 27 years.
- In 1839 AD. Maharaja Ranjit Singh died.
- In 1842 AD. Sheikh Ghulam Mohi-ud-din was appointed as Governor of Kashmir.
- In 1842 AD. Raja Gulab Singh (an employee or military commander of Maharaja Ranjit Singh) was a Dogra born on 21st October 1792 ,who began to think of annexing Kashmir to his Kingdom of Jammu.
- 1843 AD. Onwards Sheikh Ghulam Mohi-ud-din was succeeded by his son Sheikh Imam-ud-din as governor of Kashmir.
- Sheikh Ghulam Mohi-ud-din opened the gate of Jama Masjid which was closed since 1819. He also got Shankar Acharya temple repaired and installed a new lingam there.
- In 1845-46 AD. Sikh government plunged into war with the British in which SIKHS were defeated.The British forced SIKHS to sign a treaty which is known in the history as "Treaty of Amritsar" with them was mediated by Raja Gulab Singh.
- The last Sikh governor of Kashmir was Sheikh Imam-ud-din.
- After Anglo Sikh war in 1845-46 AD. Dilip Singh the ruler of Punjab transferred the Rights of hill countries between the Rivers of Bea's and Indus to British.
- On 16th March 1846 AD. according to the Treaty of Amritsar, whole Kashmir from Ravi to Indus, Gilgit , Baltistan , Indus Valley up to Chilas and the Ladakh were transferred to Maharaja Gulab Singh Dogra as a Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir and then the state of J&K came into existence.
- General Zorawar Singh of Reasi was the chief architect of victories of Reasi , Poonch , Rajouri , Chenani , Bandral , Kishtwar , Mankot ,Ladakh , Zanskar , Skardu , Nari , Dardistan , Baltistan etc between 1818 AD and 1841 AD. for Sikh rulers at Lahore.
